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Teachers College, Columbia University (sometimes referred to simply as ''Teachers College''; also referred to as ''Teachers College of Columbia University'' or the ''Columbia University Graduate School of Education'') is the graduate school of education for Columbia University, located in New York City, New York, United States. It was founded in 1887 and has been affiliated with Columbia University and the faculty of the University since 1898.〔(Columbia.edu )〕 ==History== Teachers College was founded in 1880 by the philanthropist Grace Hoadley Dodge and philosopher Nicholas Murray Butler to provide schooling for the teachers of the poor children of New York City. The curriculum combined a humanitarian concern to help others with a scientific approach to human development. Beginning as a school to prepare home economists and manual art teachers for the children of the poor, the College affiliated with Columbia University in 1898 as the University's Graduate School of Education. Unlike normal schools, after 1893 Teachers College required all students to have a high school diploma. Its professional teacher education was considered the equivalent of the junior and senior years of college. Many early students who lacked preparation for the advanced coursework first took introductory liberal arts classes, often at Barnard College. The founders early recognized that professional teachers need reliable knowledge about the conditions under which children learn most effectively. As a result, the College's program from the start included such fundamental subjects as educational psychology and educational sociology. The founders also insisted that education must be combined with clear ideas about ethics and the nature of a good society; consequently programs were developed in the history of education and in comparative education. As the number of school children increased during the twentieth century, the problems of managing the schools became ever more complex. The college took on the challenge and instituted programs of study in areas of administration, economics, and politics. Other programs developed in such emerging fields as clinical and counseling psychology, organizational psychology, developmental psychology, cognitive psychology, curriculum development, instructional technology, media studies and school health care. The area of developmental psychology (mentioned earlier,) has specially received numerous accolades. Teachers College was also associated with philosopher John Dewey who taught at the facility.〔The New York Times edition of January 19, 1953, page 27〕 Teachers College was home to the experimental New College for the Education of Teachers (or simply New College) a progressive undergraduate college that existed from 1932 to 1939. The college used the same facilities as Teachers College at the Morningside Heights campus, additionally the college had learning communities established in North Carolina, Georgia, and abroad in foreign study groups. Using innovative ideas such as extended foreign study, community-based active research, and authentic assessment, a portfolio-based undergraduate learning curriculum was developed which rejected traditional summative grades or the accumulation of credits as the basis of degree completion. This was truly a “learn by doing” experience. The college was closed due to a combination of growing financial deficits and student activism in 1939. The college was founded by Dr. Richard Thomas Alexander.〔George W. Lucero (2012). Begin with the Child, the Story of New College, manuscript dissertation, Illinois State University, Normal, Illinois.〕 Teachers College has played a role in curriculum reform efforts, such as during the "New Math" movement of the 1960s with its Secondary School Mathematics Curriculum Improvement Study program. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Teachers College, Columbia University」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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